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標(biāo)題: 藍(lán)橋杯單片機(jī)知識匯總 [打印本頁]

作者: 1475963 時間: 2019-12-29 11:40
標(biāo)題: 藍(lán)橋杯單片機(jī)知識匯總
本帖最后由 1475963 于 2019-12-29 12:37 編輯

原帖：https://www.cnblogs.com/garden6zg/p/8469705.html
1.數(shù)碼管

段碼顯示

uchar code display[] = {0xc0, 0xf9, 0xa4, 0xb0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xf8, 0x80, 0x90, 0xbf, 0xff};

打開或關(guān)閉數(shù)碼管

         P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xc0;
         P0 = order[cnt];
         P2 &= 0x1f;
         P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xe0;
         P0 = display[disbuf[cnt]];
         P2 &= 0x1f;
2.LED顯示          P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0x80;
         P0 = 0xfe;
         P2 &= 0x1f;
3.系統(tǒng)初始化

關(guān)閉外設(shè)

         P2 = ((P2 & 0x1f) | 0xa0);    //關(guān)閉全部外設(shè)
         P0 = 0x00;
         P2 &= 0x1f;
         P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xe0;       //數(shù)碼管都不顯示
         P0 = 0xff;
         P2 &= 0x1f;

定時器設(shè)置

         TMOD = 0x01;                //計(jì)時器0，采用方式1
         TH0 = (65536 - 2000) / 256; //定時2ms
         TL0 = (65536 - 2000) % 256;
         EA = 1;                      //打開總中斷
         ET0 = 1;                      //定時器中斷0打開
         TR0 = 1;                      //開始計(jì)數(shù)

串口通信設(shè)置

         SCON = 0x50; //工作方式1
         AUXR = 0x40; //模式為1T模式
         TMOD = 0x20; //定時器模式為2，自動重裝
         TH1 = 256 - (11059200 / 2400 / 32); //波特率為2400
         TL1 = 256 - (11059200 / 2400 / 32);
         EA = 1;       //打開總中斷
         ES = 1;       //打開串口中斷
         TR1 = 1;       //打開計(jì)時器1
4.IIC
        #define SlaveAddrW 0x90
          #define SlaveAddrR 0x91
          #define EEPROMW 0xa0
         #define EEPROMR 0xa1
5.DS1302

命令字

         #define AM(X)       X
         #define PM(X)          (X + 12)
         #define DS1302_SECOND 0x80
         #define DS1302_MINUTE 0x82
         #define DS1302_HOUR    0x84
         #define DS1302_DAY    0x86
         #define DS1302_MONTH    0x88
         #define DS1302_WEEK    0x8A
         #define DS1302_YEAR    0x8C
         #define DS1302_RAM(X) (0xC0 + (X) * 2)

函數(shù)操作

         void InitDS1302(void)
         {
               Write_Ds1302(0x8E, 0x00);//關(guān)掉寫保護(hù)
               Write_Ds1302(0x80, 0x50);//秒
               Write_Ds1302(0x82, 0x59);//分
               Write_Ds1302(0x84, 0x23);//時
               Write_Ds1302(0x8E, 0x80);//打開寫保護(hù)
         }
         //轉(zhuǎn)化時間格式
         void DS1302_GetTime(SYSTEMTIME *Time)
         {
               unsigned char ReadValue;    /* 將BCD碼轉(zhuǎn)換成十進(jìn)制數(shù) */
               ReadValue = Read_Ds1302(DS1302_MINUTE | 0x01);
               Time->minute = ((ReadValue & 0x70)>>4) * 10 + (ReadValue & 0x0f);
               ReadValue = Read_Ds1302(DS1302_HOUR | 0x01);
               Time->hour = ((ReadValue & 0x70)>>4) * 10 + (ReadValue & 0x0f);
         }
6.A/D
         unsigned char Rb2_Read()
         {
               unsigned char dat;
               IIC_Start();
               IIC_SendByte(0x90); //寫入地址
               IIC_WaitAck();
               IIC_SendByte(0x43);  //0x43是Rb2, 0x41是光敏
               IIC_WaitAck();
               IIC_Start();
               IIC_SendByte(0x91); //讀命令
               IIC_WaitAck();
               dat = IIC_RecByte();  //讀取一個字節(jié)
               IIC_Ack(0);
               IIC_Stop();
               return dat;
         }
7.EEPROM（讀取和寫入數(shù)據(jù)都不可中斷）
         unsigned char Read_EEPROM(unsigned char con)
         {
               unsigned char dat;
               IIC_Start();
               IIC_SendByte(0xa0); //寫入地址
               IIC_WaitAck();

               IIC_SendByte(con);    //從起始位置開始讀取
               IIC_WaitAck();

               IIC_Start();
               IIC_SendByte(0xa1); //讀命令
               IIC_WaitAck();
               dat = IIC_RecByte();    //讀取一個字節(jié)
               IIC_Ack(0);
               IIC_Stop();
               return dat;
         }

         void Write_EEPROM(unsigned char date, unsigned char con)
         {
               IIC_Start();
               IIC_SendByte(0xa0);
               IIC_WaitAck();
               IIC_SendByte(con);
               IIC_WaitAck();
               IIC_SendByte(date);
               IIC_WaitAck();
               IIC_Stop();
               Delay(3);       //寫入后要注意延時一段時間
         }
8.DS18B20（讀取溫度不可中斷）

延時函數(shù)

         //單總線延時函數(shù)
         void Delay_OneWire(uint t)
         {
               char  z;
               while(t--)
               for(z = 0; z < 12; z++);
         }

讀取溫度 /* 讀取數(shù)據(jù)不可中斷，可以采用關(guān)閉終端來實(shí)現(xiàn) */

         unsigned int Read_Temperature()
         {
               unsigned char low,high;
               unsigned int temp;
               float t;

               init_ds18b20();       //器件初始化
               Write_DS18B20(0xcc);    //跳過讀序列
               Write_DS18B20(0x44);    //啟動溫度轉(zhuǎn)換
               Delay_OneWire(200);    //延遲一會

                init_ds18b20();
               Write_DS18B20(0xcc);    //同上
               Write_DS18B20(0xbe);    //讀取溫度

               low = Read_DS18B20(); //讀取低位
               high = Read_DS18B20(); //讀取高位
               temp = (high << 8) | low;
               t = temp * 0.0625;
               temp = t + 0.5;
               return temp;
         }
9.矩陣鍵盤
         sbit r1=P3^0; //4行
         sbit r2=P3^1;
         sbit r3=P3^2;
         sbit r4=P3^3;
         sbit c1=P4^4; //4列
         sbit c2=P4^2;
         sbit c3=P3^5;
         sbit c4=P3^4;

         unsigned char key_scan() //讀取矩陣鍵盤鍵值
         {
               unsigned char key_value;

               r1=0;
               r2=r3=r4=1;
               c1=c2=c3=c4=1;
               else if(!c1) key_value=0;
               else if(!c2) key_value=1;
                else if(!c3) key_value=2;
               else if(!c4) key_value=3;

                r2=0;
                r1=r3=r4=1;
                c1=c2=c3=c4=1;
                if(!c1) key_value=4;
                else if(!c2) key_value=5;
                else if(!c3) key_value=6;
                else if(!c4) key_value=7;

                r3=0;
               r2=r1=r4=1;
               c1=c2=c3=c4=1;
               if(!c1) key_value=8;
               else if(!c2) key_value=9;
               else if(!c3) key_value=10;
                else if(!c4) key_value=11;

               r4=0;
                r2=r3=r1=1;
                c1=c2=c3=c4=1;
                if(!c1) key_value=12;
                else if(!c2) key_value=13;
                else if(!c3) key_value=14;
                  else if(!c4) key_value=15;
             return key_value;
         }
10.超聲波測距
      #define somenops {_nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_();}
      sbit TX = P1^0; //發(fā)射引腳
      sbit RX = P1^1; //接收引腳

      //TX 引腳發(fā)送 40KHz 方波信號驅(qū)動超聲波發(fā)送探頭
      void send_wave(void)
      {
         unsigned char i = 8; //發(fā)送 8 個脈沖
            do
             {
         TX = 1;
      somenops;somenops;somenops;somenops;somenops;
      somenops;somenops;somenops;somenops;somenops;
        TX = 0;
        somenops;somenops;somenops;somenops;somenops;
          somenops;somenops;somenops;somenops;somenops;
          }
               while(i--);
         }
   void Check_Distance()
       {
      uint t;
             /* 關(guān)閉定時器 0 中斷:計(jì)算超聲波發(fā)送到返回的時間 */
              ET0 = 0;
               send_wave(); //發(fā)送方波信號
               ET0 = 1;
                TR1 = 1;       //啟動計(jì)時
                while((RX == 1) && (TF1 == 0)); //等待收到脈沖
                TR1 = 0;       //關(guān)閉計(jì)時
                //發(fā)生溢出
                  if(TF1 == 1)
                  {
                     TF1 = 0;
                   distance = 99; //無返回
                  }
                  else
                  {
                   /** 計(jì)算時間 */
                     t = TH1;
                    t <<= 8;
                    t |= TL1;
                    distance = (unsigned int)(t * 12 * 0.017 / 12); //計(jì)算距離
               }
                     TH1 = 0;
                     TL1 = 0;
         }

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